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And yet the system we use has not changed since the 1940s.

A reduced quantity of building materials reduces a building’s weight.This in turn reduces the load on the foundations, allowing a further reduction in materials used in the substructure.

Lean design places a renewed emphasis on optimum sizing, without unnecessary redundancies or capacities.This is an important component of sustainable architectural design..Using fewer materials overall means less embodied carbon in the extraction of raw materials and their fabrication into building products.

There is also a direct correlation with producing less waste both in the fabrication process and on site, meaning that low carbon design also saves precious materials.With the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM), we can know the exact quantities of materials required, which limits over-ordering to site, and aids sustainable construction.

Using a DfMA strategy allows for deployment of resources and materials to be carefully pre-planned, making it even easier to monitor and limit over-spend..

When you need fewer materials, there is less to be transported to site, meaning fewer transport movements, lower emissions and a reduction in local air pollution.Emphasising rehabilitation over punishment, Yvonne advocates for prison designs that mimic normal living conditions to the greatest extent possible.

This approach aims to prepare inmates for reintegration into society, potentially lowering re-offending rates.The discussion highlights how thoughtful design can support rehabilitation by providing inmates with a sense of normalcy and dignity, which are crucial for their psychological well-being.. 4.

Sustainable and human-centred prison design.The application of sustainable building principles, similar to those used in Passivhaus designs, is explored as a way to enhance living conditions within prisons.